Ukushisela kusho ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhlanganisa izingcezu ngokusebenzisa ukushisa kanye/noma ukucindezela ukuze izingcezu zakhe ukuqhubeka.Umthombo wokushisa ku-welding ngokuvamile i-arc flame ekhiqizwa ugesi we-welding power supply.I-arc-based welding ibizwa ngokuthi i-arc welding.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezicucu kungenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe ekushiseni okukhiqizwa i-arc ukuze izingcezu zokushisela zincibilike ndawonye.Le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ku-TIG welding, isibonelo.
Imvamisa, i-filler metal iyancibilika ibe seam yokushisela, noma i-weld, kusetshenziswa i-wire feeder ngesibhamu sokushisela (i-MIG/MAG welding) noma kusetshenziswa i-electrode yokushisela okuphakelayo.Kulesi simo, i-filler metal kufanele ibe nendawo encibilikayo cishe efana nempahla eshiselwe.
Ngaphambi kokuqala ngokushisela, imiphetho yezingcezu ze-weld ibunjwa ibe i-welding groove efanelekile, isibonelo, i-V groove.Njengoba i-welding iqhubeka, i-arc ihlanganisa imiphetho ye-groove nesigcwalisi, idale ichibi lokushisela elincibilikisiwe.
Ukuze i-weld ihlale isikhathi eside, idamu lokushisela elincibilikisiwe kufanele livikelwe ekufakweni komoyampilo kanye nemithelela yomoya ozungezile, isibonelo ngamagesi avikelayo noma i-slag.Igesi evikelayo ifakwa echibini lokushisela elincibilikisiwe ngethoshi lokushisela.I-electrode yokushisela iphinde ihlanganiswe nento ekhiqiza igesi evikelayo kanye ne-slag phezu kwechibi lokushisela elincibilikisiwe.
Izinto ezishiselwe kakhulu yizinsimbi, njenge-aluminium, insimbi emnene, nensimbi engagqwali.Futhi, amapulasitiki angashiselwa.Ku-plastic welding, umthombo wokushisa umoya oshisayo noma i-resistor kagesi.
I-Welding ARC
I-arc yokushisela edingekayo ekushiseleni ukuqhuma kukagesi phakathi kwe-electrode yokushisela kanye nocezu lwe-weld.I-arc ikhiqizwa lapho i-voltage pulse enkulu ngokwanele ikhiqizwa phakathi kwezingcezu.Ekushiseleni kwe-TIG lokhu kungenziwa ngokushiswa kwe-trigger noma uma impahla eshiselwe ishaywa nge-electrode yokushisela (ukushisa kwesiteleka).
Ngakho, i-voltage ikhishwa njengombani ovumela ugesi ukuba ugeleze esikhaleni somoya, okudala i-arc enezinga lokushisa eliyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-degree centigrade, ezingeni eliphakeme elifinyelela ku-10,000 ⁰Cdegrees (18,000 degrees Fahrenheit).I-current eqhubekayo esuka ekunikezeni amandla okushisela kuya ku-workpiece isungulwa nge-electrode yokushisela, ngakho-ke i-workpiece kufanele isekelwe ngekhebula eliphansi emshinini wokushisela ngaphambi kokuthi kuqalwe ukushisela.
Ekushiseleni kwe-MIG/MAG i-arc iyasungulwa lapho izinto zokugcwalisa zithinta indawo yokusebenza futhi kukhiqizwa isiyingi esifushane.Khona-ke i-short-circuit current ephumelelayo incibilikisa ukuphela kocingo lokugcwalisa bese kumiswa i-arc yokushisela.Ukuze kube ne-weld ebushelelezi futhi ehlala njalo, i-arc ye-welding kufanele izinzile.Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ekushiseleni kwe-MIG/MAG ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-voltage yokushisela kanye nesilinganiso sokuphakela kwezintambo ezifanele izinto zokushisela kanye nobukhulu bazo.
Ukwengeza, indlela yokusebenza ye-welder ithinta ukushelela kwe-arc futhi, kamuva, ikhwalithi ye-weld.Ibanga le-electrode yokushisela ukusuka emseleni kanye nesivinini esiqinile sethoshi lokushisela kubalulekile ekushiseni okuphumelelayo.Ukuhlola i-voltage efanele nesivinini sokuphakelwa kwezintambo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamakhono omshiseli.
Imishini yesimanje yokushisela, nokho, inezici ezimbalwa ezenza umsebenzi we-welder ube lula, njengokulondoloza izilungiselelo zokushisela ezisetshenziswe ngaphambilini noma ukusebenzisa ama-curve asethiwe we-synergy, okwenza kube lula ukusetha imingcele ye-welding yomsebenzi owenziwe.
UKUVIKELA IGASI EKUSHIYENI
Igesi evikelayo ngokuvamile idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni kanye nekhwalithi yokushisela.Njengoba igama layo liphakamisa, igesi evikelayo ivikela i-weld encibilikisiwe eqinisiwe kusuka ku-oxygenation kanye nokungcola kanye nomswakama emoyeni, okungase kwenze buthaka ukubekezelela ukugqwala kwe-weld, kukhiqize imiphumela enezimbobo, futhi kwenze buthaka ukuqina kwe-weld ngokushintsha i-weld. izici zejometri zokuhlangana.Igesi elivikelayo liphinde lipholise isibhamu esishiselayo.Izingxenye zegesi ezivame kakhulu zokuvikela i-argon, i-helium, i-carbon dioxide, ne-oxygen.
Igesi evikelayo ingaba inert noma isebenze.Igesi ye-inert ayiphenduli nhlobo nge-weld encibilikisiwe ngenkathi igesi esebenzayo ibamba iqhaza enqubweni yokushisela ngokuzinzisa i-arc nokuvikela ukudluliswa okubushelelezi kwento ekushiseleni.Igesi ye-inert isetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwe-MIG (i-metal-arc inert gas welding) kuyilapho igesi esebenzayo isetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwe-MAG (i-metal-arc active gas welding).
Isibonelo segesi ye-inert i-argon, engaphenduli nge-weld encibilikisiwe.Yigesi yokuvikela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni kwe-TIG.I-carbon dioxide nomoya-mpilo, nokho, kusabela nge-weld encibilikisiwe njengoba kwenza ingxube ye-carbon dioxide ne-argon.
I-Helium (He) futhi iyigesi evikelayo engasebenzi.Izingxube ze-helium ne-helium-argon zisetshenziswa ekushiseleni kwe-TIG ne-MIG.I-Helium inikeza ukungena okungcono kohlangothi kanye nesivinini esikhulu sokushisela uma kuqhathaniswa ne-argon.
I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) kanye ne-oxygen (O2) amagesi asebenzayo asetshenziswa njengengxenye ebizwa ngokuthi i-oksijeni ukuze kugcinwe i-arc futhi kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwezinto ezibushelelezi ku-MAG welding.Ingxenye yalezi zingxenye zegesi kugesi ovikelayo inqunywa uhlobo lwensimbi.
AMAZINGA NAMAZINGA OKUSHISELA
Kusebenza izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe eziningana ezinqubweni zokushisela kanye nesakhiwo nezici zemishini yokushisela kanye nempahla.Ziqukethe izincazelo, imiyalelo, kanye nemikhawulo yezinqubo nezakhiwo zemishini zokwandisa ukuphepha kwezinqubo nemishini kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo.
Isibonelo, izinga elijwayelekile lemishini yokushisela i-arc yi-IEC 60974-1 ngenkathi imigomo yobuchwepheshe yokulethwa namafomu omkhiqizo, ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana, namalebula aqukethwe ku-SFS-EN 759 ejwayelekile.
UKUPHEPHA EKUSHISELENI
Kunezici ezimbalwa zobungozi ezixhumene ne-welding.I-arc ikhipha ukukhanya okugqame kakhulu nemisebe ye-ultraviolet, engase ilimaze amehlo.Ukuchaphaza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kanye nezinhlansi kungashisa isikhumba futhi kubangele ingozi yomlilo, futhi umusi okhiqizwa ekushiseleni ungaba yingozi uma uhogela.
Lezi zingozi zingagwenywa, nokho, ngokuzilungiselela nangokusebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele.
Ukuvikelwa ezingozini zomlilo kungenziwa ngokuhlola indawo yendawo yokushisela kusengaphambili futhi ngokususa izinto ezivuthayo eduze kwesayithi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokucisha umlilo kufanele zitholakale kalula.Abangaphandle akufanele bavunyelwe ukungena endaweni eyingozi.
Amehlo, izindlebe, nesikhumba kufanele kuvikelwe ngezinto ezifanele zokuzivikela.Imaski yokushisela enesikrini esifiphele ivikela amehlo, izinwele, nezindlebe.Amagilavu okushisela isikhumba kanye nempahla yokushisela eqinile, engashi ivikela izingalo nomzimba ezinhlansini nasekushiseni.
Intuthu yokushisela ingagwenywa ngokungena komoya owanele endaweni yokusebenza.
IZINDLELA ZOKUSHISA
Izindlela zokushisela zingahlukaniswa ngendlela esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukushisa kwe-welding kanye nendlela impahla yokugcwalisa ifakwa ku-weld.Indlela yokushisela esetshenziswayo ikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezintweni okufanele zishiselwe kanye nobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okudingekayo, kanye nekhwalithi ebonakalayo efiselekayo ye-weld.
Izindlela zokushisela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-MIG/MAG welding, i-TIG welding, kanye ne-stick (manual metal arc) welding.Inqubo endala kunazo zonke, eyaziwa kakhulu, futhi esajwayeleke kakhulu ukushisela i-arc yensimbi ye-MMA, evame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenza zokufaka nezindawo ezingaphandle ezidinga ukufinyeleleka okuhle.
Indlela yokushisela ye-TIG ehamba kancane ivumela ukukhiqiza imiphumela emihle kakhulu yokushisela, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kumashisela azobonakala noma adinga ukunemba okuthile.
Ukushisela kwe-MIG/MAG kuyindlela yokushisela eguquguqukayo, lapho impahla yokugcwalisa kungadingeki ukuthi ifakwe ngokwehlukana ku-weld encibilikisiwe.Esikhundleni salokho, ucingo lugijima phakathi kwesibhamu sokushisela esizungezwe igesi evikelayo iqonde ngqo endaweni yokushisela encibilikisiwe.
Kukhona nezinye izindlela zokushisela ezifanele izidingo ezikhethekile, njenge-laser, i-plasma, indawo, i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi, i-ultrasound, ne-friction welding.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-12-2022