Ukushisela kuyinqubo lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezinto ezifanayo noma ezehlukene zihlanganiswa ndawonye ngokuhlangana nokusabalalisa phakathi kwama-athomu noma ama-molecule.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhlangana nokusabalalisa phakathi kwama-athomu nama-molecule ukufudumeza noma ukucindezela, noma ukushisisa nokucindezela ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-welding
I-Metal welding ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-fusion welding, i-pressure welding kanye ne-brazing ngokusho kwezici zenqubo yayo
Enqubweni ye-fusion welding, uma umkhathi uthintana ngqo nechibi elincibilikisiwe lezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya-mpilo osemkhathini uzokhipha izinsimbi nezinto ezihlukahlukene zengxubevange.I-nitrogen kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi emkhathini uzongena echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi amaphutha afana nama-pores, ukufakwa kwe-slag kanye nemifantu kuzokwakhiwa ku-weld ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa elandelayo, okuzowohloka ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwe-weld.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokushisela, kuye kwasungulwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela.Isibonelo, i-gas shielded arc welding iwukuhlukanisa umkhathi nge-argon, i-carbon dioxide namanye amagesi ukuvikela i-arc kanye ne-pool rate ngesikhathi sokushisela;Isibonelo, lapho ushisela insimbi, ukwengeza i-ferrotitanium powder ene-oxygen ephezulu ehambisana ne-electrode coating ye-deoxidation kungavikela izakhi ezinenzuzo ezifana ne-manganese ne-silicon ku-electrode kusuka ku-oxidation futhi ingene echibini elincibilikisiwe, futhi ithole amashisela ekhwalithi ephezulu ngemva kokupholisa.
Uhlobo lwebhentshi umshini wokushisela obandayo
Isici esivamile sezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokucindezela ingcindezi ukusebenzisa ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokushisela ngaphandle kokugcwalisa izinto.Izindlela eziningi zokushisela ingcindezi, njengokushisela i-diffusion, i-high-frequency welding kanye ne-cold pressure welding, azinayo inqubo yokuncibilika, ngakho-ke azikho izinkinga ezifana nokuncibilika kokushisela, njengokushiswa kwezakhi ze-alloy ezinenzuzo nokuhlasela kwezakhi eziyingozi ku-weld, okuyinto yenza kube lula inqubo yokushisela futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kanye nezimo zempilo zokushisela.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa lokushisa liphansi kune-fusion welding futhi isikhathi sokushisa sifushane, indawo ethintekile yokushisa incane.Izinto eziningi okunzima ukushiselwa nge-fusion welding ngokuvamile zingaba ingcindezi eshiselwe zibe amalunga ekhwalithi ephezulu anamandla afanayo nesisekelo sensimbi.
Ijoyinti elakhiwe ngesikhathi sokushisela nokuxhuma imizimba emibili exhunyiwe ibizwa ngokuthi i-weld.Ngesikhathi sokushisela, izinhlangothi zombili ze-weld zizothinteka ukushisa kwe-welding, futhi isakhiwo nezakhiwo zizoshintsha.Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi indawo ethintekile ekushiseni.Ngesikhathi sokushisela, i-workpiece material, i-welding material kanye ne-welding current ihlukile.Ukuwohloka kwe-weldability, kuyadingeka ukulungisa izimo zokushisela.Ukushisa, ukugcinwa kokushisa ngesikhathi sokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-welding endaweni esibonakalayo ye-weldment ngaphambi kokushisela kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-welding ye-weldment.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-welding iyinqubo yokushisa esheshayo yendawo kanye nokupholisa.Indawo yokushisela ayikwazi ukunwebeka futhi inkontileka ngokukhululekile ngenxa yokuvinjelwa komzimba we-workpiece ezungezile.Ngemuva kokupholisa, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye ne-deformation kuzokwenzeka ku-weldment.Imikhiqizo ebalulekile idinga ukuqeda ukucindezelwa kokushisela kanye nokulungisa i-welding deformation ngemuva kokushisela.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokushisela bukwazile ukukhiqiza ama-welds angenawo amaphutha angaphakathi nangaphandle kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezilingana noma eziphakeme kakhulu kunezomzimba oxhumene.Ukuma okufanayo komzimba oshiselwe esikhaleni kubizwa ngokuthi ijoyinti elishiselwe.Amandla okuhlangana awathinteki kuphela ngekhwalithi ye-weld, kodwa futhi ahlobene nejometri yayo, ubukhulu, ukucindezeleka nezimo zokusebenza.Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo zamalunga zihlanganisa ilunga le-butt, i-lap joint, i-T-joint (ilunga eliqondile) kanye nelunga lekhona.
Umumo wesigaba esiphambanayo we-butt weld weld uncike ekugqineni komzimba oshiselwe ngaphambi kokushisela kanye nefomu le-groove lamaphethelo amabili axhumayo.Lapho kushiselwa amapuleti ensimbi aminyene, imisele yomumo ohlukahlukene izosikwa emaphethelweni ukuze kungene, ukuze izinti zokushisela noma izintambo zikwazi ukuphakelwa kalula.Lapho ukhetha ifomu le-groove, ngaphezu kokuqinisekisa ukungena okugcwele, izici ezifana ne-welding elula, i-filler metal encane, i-deformation encane ye-welding kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokucubungula i-groove nazo kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Lapho amapuleti ensimbi amabili anogqinsi oluhlukene eshaywa, ukuze kugwenywe ukugxilisana kokucindezeleka okukhulu okubangelwa izinguquko ezibukhali esigabeni esiphambanayo, unqenqema lwepuleti eliwugqinsi ngokuvamile luncishiswa kancane kancane ukuze kuzuzwe ukujiya okulinganayo emaphethelweni amabili ahlangene.Amandla amile namandla okukhathala amalunga ezinqe aphakeme kunawamanye amalunga.Ukushiselwa kwejoyinti lezinqe kuvame ukuncanyelwa ukuze kuxhunywe ngaphansi kwemithwalo eshintshanayo kanye nomthelela noma emikhunjini enezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nengcindezi ephezulu.
I-lap joint kulula ukuyilungisa ngaphambi kokushisela, kulula ukuyihlanganisa, futhi incane e-welding deformation kanye nokucindezeleka okusalayo.Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni ukufakwa kwesayithi kanye nezakhiwo ezingabalulekile.Ngokuvamile, ama-lap joints awafanele ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo oshintshanayo, indawo edlayo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma izinga lokushisa eliphansi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamajoyinti e-T nama-engeli ngokuvamile kubangelwa izidingo zesakhiwo.Izici zokusebenza zokushisela okungaphelele kwe-fillet kuma-T-joint ziyefana nalezo zamajoyinti ethangeni.Lapho i-weld i-perpendicular ekuqondeni kwamandla angaphandle, iba yi-fillet weld yangaphambili, futhi ukuma okungaphezulu kwe-weld kuzobangela ukuhlushwa kokucindezeleka ngamazinga ahlukene;Ukucindezeleka kwe-fillet weld ngokungena okugcwele kufana nokuhlanganiswa kwe-butt.
Umthamo wokuthwala wokuhlanganisa ekhoneni uphansi, futhi ngokuvamile awusetshenziswa wodwa.Kungathuthukiswa kuphela uma kukhona ukungena okugcwele noma uma kukhona ama-welds we-fillet ngaphakathi nangaphandle.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekhoneni lesakhiwo esivaliwe.
Imikhiqizo eshiselwe ilula kunezingxenye ezifakiwe, ama-castings nama-forging, anganciphisa isisindo esifile futhi onge amandla ezimotweni zokuhamba.I-welding inempahla enhle yokuvala futhi ifanele ukukhiqiza iziqukathi ezihlukahlukene.Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ngokuhlanganyela, obuhlanganisa ukushisela nokubunjwa nokubunjwa, kungenza izakhiwo ezinkulu, ezongayo nezinengqondo zokuphonsa kanye nezakhiwo zokushisela kanye nezakhiwo zokubumba nokushisela, ezinenzuzo ephezulu yezomnotho.Inqubo yokufaka i-welding ingasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo izinto zokwakha, futhi isakhiwo se-welding singasebenzisa izinto ezinezakhiwo ezahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, ukuze unikeze ukudlala okugcwele ngezinzuzo zezinto ezihlukahlukene futhi kuzuzwe umnotho kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.I-Welding isiphenduke indlela ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu yokucubungula embonini yesimanje.
Ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi yesimanje, ukushisela kwathuthukiswa kamuva kunokubunjwa nokubunjwa, kodwa kwakhula ngokushesha.Isisindo sezakhiwo ezishiselwe senza cishe u-45% wensimbi ephumayo, futhi ingxenye yezakhiwo ezishiselwe i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy nayo iyanda.
Ukuze inqubo Welding esizayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindlela ezintsha Welding, imishini Welding kanye Welding materials kufanele zithuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga Welding nokuphepha kanye nokwethenjelwa, ezifana ngcono ekhona Welding imithombo yamandla ezifana arc, plasma arc, electron. ugongolo kanye laser;Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi nobuchwepheshe bokulawula, thuthukisa ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-arc, futhi uthuthukise indlela ethembekile nelula yokulandelela i-arc.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele sithuthukise izinga lemishini yokushisela kanye ne-automation, njengokufezekiswa kokulawulwa kohlelo nokulawulwa kwedijithali kwemishini yokushisela;Yakha umshini wokushisela okhethekile owenza ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke inqubo kusukela kunqubo yokulungiselela, ukushisela ekuqaphelweni kwekhwalithi;Emgqeni wokukhiqiza we-welding othomathikhi, ukukhushulwa kanye nokwandiswa kwamarobhothi okushisela okulawula izinombolo kanye namarobhothi okushisela kungathuthukisa izinga lokukhiqiza i-welding futhi kuthuthukise isimo sezempilo nezokuphepha zokushisela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2022