1. Imininingwane eyinhloko yesisekelo sokuhlola inqubo yemboni yesakhiwo sensimbi yokwakha
★ GB 50661
★ AWS D1.1
★ Eurocode
Ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela (I-EN ISO 15614): Indlela yokushisela nokuhlola iphaneli yokuhlola ejwayelekile ukuthola inqubo yokushisela.
Hlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela (EN ISO 15610): Indlela yokunquma izinqubo zokushisela ngokuhlola izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela.
Okuhlangenwe nakho Kwangaphambilini Kwe-Welding (EN SIO 15611): Indlela yokuthola inqubo yokushisela ngokuboniswa kwamakhono adlule agculisayo.
Inqubo yokushisela ejwayelekile (I-EN ISO 15612): Indlela yokuthola izinqubo zokushisela kusetshenziswa ukucaciswa kwenqubo evamile yokushisela.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-welding yangaphambi kokukhiqiza (I-EN ISO 15613:) Indlela yokunquma inqubo yokushisela ngokuhlolwa kwe-welding yangaphambi kokukhiqiza.
I-TS EN ISO 9018 Ukuhlolwa okulimazayo kwama-welds kuzinto zensimbi
★ JIS JASS6
2. Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko nezici zokuhlolwa kwenqubo yokucaciswa kwesistimu ngayinye
2.1 Okuqukethwe nezici zokucaciswa kokuhlolwa kwenqubo ye-GB50661
(1) Imithethonqubo icacisa ububanzi beziqu zenqubo yokushisela okufanele yenziwe, futhi esikhundleni semithetho yeziqu zenqubo yokushisela;
(2) Isiqephu sokuhlola inqubo yokushisela kufanele sishiswe ngabasebenzi abanekhono ebhizinisini lokwakha;
(3 Isisekelo sensimbi sihlukaniswe izigaba ezine ngokwezinga lamandla;
(4) Ifomu elihlangene lesampula kanye nokulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlola;
(5) Ukukhululwa ezinhlinzekweni zesigatshana sokuhlola:
①Izindlela zokushisela nezikhundla zokushisela azikhishiwe kuziqu
②Inhlanganisela yensimbi eyisisekelo ekhululiwe
③Izinga lokushisa elincane lokushisa ngaphambili kanye nezinga lokushisa le-interpass
④Usayizi we-weld
⑤ Imingcele yenqubo yokushisela
⑥ Welding isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela
(6) Ngokwezinhlinzeko zalokhu kucaciswa, izingcezu zokuhlola ukushisela, amasampula okusika, namayunithi okuhlola anezitifiketi zomnyango kazwelonke wokuqondisa wezobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi azohlola futhi ahlole.
Izici
(7) Ukufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana ngezindlela ezahlukene zokushisela kanye nezikhundla zokushisela;
(8) Izibonelo zokugoba ze-longitudinal azibaluliwe emithethweni yokuhlola egobayo, futhi imifantu evela emakhoneni ayiphathwa ngendlela ehlukile ezingeni leziqu;
(9) Akukho ukuhlinzekwa kokuhlolwa kwe-macroscopic metallographic yepuleti lokuhlola izinqe.
2.2 Okuqukethwe nezici zokucaciswa kokuhlolwa kwenqubo evamile ye-EN
(1) Iqoqo lensimbi eyisisekelo (EN 15608) aliqoqwa ngohlelo oluthile lokucaciswa kwezinto, kodwa lihlanganiswa ngokwamakhemikhali, amandla kanye nesimo sokuhlinzekwa, ukuze izinsimbi ezivela emazweni ahlukene zifakwe kahle kuleli qoqo Kuhlelo, ukufakwa kwamaqembu wezinto ezibonakalayo kwandisiwe.
(2) Izindlela zokuhlola inqubo zifaka: EN ISO 15614, EN ISO 15610, EN ISO 15611, EN ISO 15612, EN ISO 15613 Abasebenzisi bangakhetha indlela efanele ngokuya ngesimo sabo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokucaciswa.
(3) Ukucaciswa (I-EN ISO 15614-1) esebenza endleleni yokuhlola inqubo yokushisela ye-arc welding yezakhiwo zensimbi inalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
① Ukufaneleka kokucubungula kanye nokufaneleka kokushisela;
② Ukuhlolwa kanye nobufakazi bokuhlolwa kwenqubo yokufaneleka;
③Ibhodi lokuhlola elijwayelekile
④ Ukumbozwa kwesikhundla sokushisela
⑤ Izinto zokuhlolwa kwenqubo: ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, i-RT noma i-UT, ukuhlolwa kokuqhekeka komhlaba (PT noma MT), okuqinile, ukugoba, ubulukhuni, umthelela kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-metallographic macroscopic;
⑥ Izimfuneko zokuhlolwa kokugoba
⑦ Indawo yesampula kanye nemibandela yokufaneleka yesampula yomthelela
2.3 AWSD1.1 okuqukethwe kwenqubo yokuhlola okujwayelekile nezici
(1) Imikhawulo ekukhululweni kwe-WPS ekuhloleni:
① Indlela yokushisela
② Inhlanganisela yensimbi eyisisekelo/yokugcwalisa
③ Isilinganiso esincane sokushisa sangaphambi kokushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa le-interpass
④ Imikhawulo yokuhluka kwe-WPS
⑤ Imikhawulo yobukhulu obuhlangene nokubekezelelana
⑥ Fillet weld
⑦ Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemuva kwe-weld
(2) Izimfuneko ze-WPS ezikhululiwe ekuhloleni:
① Izidingo ezijwayelekile
② Izidingo ezikhethekile
(2) Ukucaciswa akudingi iziqu zabashiseli abenza imisebenzi yokufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela;
(3) Isisekelo sensimbi sihlelwa ngokuya nge-ASTM, ABS kanye ne-API imininingwane;
(4) Izinqubo zokushisela ezingase zikhishwe ezifundweni zicacisiwe futhi izinhlinzeko ezinemininingwane zenziwe, futhi izinsimbi eziyisisekelo zezinqubo zeziqu ezikhululiwe zilinganiselwe kulabo abasohlwini olucacisiwe;
(5) Ukufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela kufanele kuhlolwe ngokwehlukana ngezindlela ezahlukene zokushisela.Phakathi kwazo, i-GMAW iphinde ibeke uhlobo lokudlulisa amaconsi.Kuyacaca ukuthi i-GMAW-S yokudlulisa i-short-circuit iyindlela yokushisela ezimele futhi idinga ukuhlolwa ngokwehlukana, ehambisana nokucaciswa kwe-EN;
(6) Ukumbozwa kwesikhundla se-welding kubuye kuchazwe ngokucacile ekucacisweni, okuqinile kunokucaciswa kwe-EN;
(7) Ifomu elihlangene lesampula kanye nokulungiswa kwesampula yokuhlola;
3. Yiziphi izingxenye zeziqu ohlelweni lwe-welding?
Isahluko sesi-4 se-AWSD1.1:2015 sihlanganisa izinqubo ezimbili zokushisela, izinqubo “zokukhululwa” kanye “neziqu”;lesi sahluko sihlanganisa neziqu ezifanele ezidingekayo kuma-welders, ama-welding operators nama-spot welders.Ngokusho kwe-AWS D1.1:2015 Isahluko 3 esithi "Izinqubo Zokukhululwa", kusixhumanisi sokukhululwa, asikho isidingo sokuhlola izinqubo zokushisela zamaphrojekthi athile.Nokho, i-AWS D1.1:2015 Isigaba 4.19 sithi ukuchezuka okufakwe kulesi sigaba kufanele kuhlolwe ngezinqubo zokushisela.Ukuhlola inqubo yokushisela kudla isikhathi futhi kubiza.Uma amalunga ahlanganisiwe ephrojekthi yangaphambilini ahlolwe, lapho amajoyinti ahlanganisiwe afanayo avela kuphrojekthi entsha, amalunga asanda kuvela adinga ukuhlolwa kabusha.Ngokunjalo, amadokhumenti enkontileka kwesinye isikhathi acacisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ngokunganaki izinqubo zokuyekelela kochwepheshe bokushisela kungase kwenyuse ngokungafanele izindleko zenqubo yokwakhiwa kokushisela iyonke.I-AWS D1.1:2015 Isigaba 4.19 sithi: Amarekhodi amaningi abhaliwe abonisa ukuthi izinqubo zokushisela ngokuhlanganyela ze-qualification-exemption ziyamukeleka ngaphandle kweziqu eziphindaphindiwe.Ukwengeza, ubufakazi obubhaliwe bokukhululwa emfundweni yabashiseli, abashiseli, nabashisela amabala bayamukeleka ngaphandle kweziqu eziphindaphindiwe, inqobo nje uma leyo mibhalo ebhaliwe icaciswe ku-AWS D1.1:2015 Isigaba 4.24.phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo sokuqinisekisa
4. Izidingo zesimiso ngasinye sokuhlolwa kokufaneleka kwenqubo
4.1 GB50661 Izidingo Zezinto Zokuhlola Ukuhlola Inqubo
4.2 Izidingo zezindinganiso ze-EN zokucubungula izinto zokuhlolwa kokufaneleka
4.3 Izidingo Ezijwayelekile ze-AWS Zezinto Zokuhlola Inqubo Yokuhlola
4.4 Ukuqhathaniswa kokucaciswa okuhlukile kokuhlolwa kwezidingo zenqubo
Hlola ukuqhathanisa kwephrojekthi
Ukuqhathanisa kokuhlola kwe-goba
Ukuqhathaniswa kokuhlolwa komthelela
4.5 Inqubo ye-Welding qualification coverage
Ugqinsi lwesiqephu sokuhlola sifanelekele ukuhlolwa kwe-GB kanye nogqinsi olusebenza kuphrojekthi
(1) Kumapayipi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungaphansi kwama-600mm, ukumbozwa kobubanzi akufanele kube ngaphansi kobubanzi bangaphandle bepayipi lokuhlola lokuhlola inqubo;
Kumapayipi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungu-≥600mm, ukumbozwa kobubanzi kukhulu noma kulingana no-600mm.
(2) Izinqubo zokushisela izimfanelo zezinqenqema zamapuleti namapayipi anobubanzi obungaphandle obungekho ngaphansi kwama-600mm zingashintshwa elinye nelinye.
(3) Umphumela wokuhlola wesikhundla sokushisela ovundlile ungangena esikhundleni se-flat welding, kodwa hhayi okuphambene nalokho (ngaphandle kwe-stud welding).Izikhundla zokushisela eziqondile neziqondile kanye
Ezinye izikhundla zokushisela azishintsheki.
(4) Ukushisela okunezinhlangothi ezihlangene okugcwele ukungena okugcwele ngepuleti eliyisipele futhi akukho cwecwe lokusekela akushintsheki;
Okushintshekayo;amaphedi ezinto ezahlukene awashintsheki.
Ukuhlola kwe-ISO EN kuhlanganisa ukujiya kwesifanekiso esifanelekayo kanye nogqinsi olusebenzayo lobunjiniyela
Ukuhlolwa kwe-AWS kuhlanganisa ukujiya kwesifanekiso esifanelekayo kanye nogqinsi olusebenzayo lobunjiniyela
4.6 Izinguquko ezinqubweni zokufaneleka zenqubo yokushisela kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezidingo zokuhlolwa kabusha
5. Isikhathi esinqunyelwe sokufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela
Njengombhalo obalulekile oqondisayo womsebenzi wokushisela, ukubaluleka kokufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela kuyabonakala.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyiphi iphrojekthi kanye nokuqaliswa kwanoma yiliphi izinga, ukufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela kufanele kuhanjiswe kumnikazi noma kunjiniyela ophethe ukuze kubuyekezwe futhi kugunyazwe ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi wokushisela iphrojekthi.Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela kuhilela ukushiselwa kwepuleti lokuhlola, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komshini (amakhemikhali), ukukhishwa kombiko, ubufakazi bokuqondisa kanye nezinye izixhumanisi, izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu.Njengebhizinisi elizinze kahle, kuzoba nesizindalwazi seziqu zenqubo yokushisela.Ngaphambi kokuqala kwephrojekthi entsha, iziqu zenqubo ezifanele zizokhethwa kusizindalwazi ngokuya ngokuqina kwamapuleti ephrojekthi, isisekelo sensimbi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela nezinye izici zokunciphisa izindleko nokonga imali.isikhathi.Ngokuvamile onjiniyela abanaki isikhathi sokufaneleka sokuhlolwa kwenqubo, okubangela ukuhlola okulethwayo ukuthi kuphelelwe yisikhathi futhi kubambezele ukuthunyelwa kwezinto.
Leli phepha lethula isikhathi sokufaneleka sokufaneleka kwenqubo yokushisela yamazinga ahlukene.
1. I-American Standard – AWS D 1.1
I-American Standard ibeka ukuthi uhlobo lwangaphambili lweziqu zenqubo luvumelekile futhi alunamkhawulo wesikhathi.
2. I-European Standard - EN 1090-2
1.1 Isikhathi sokuphumula iminyaka engu-1-3
Amabanga wezinto ezibonakalayo aphezulu kune-S355 adinga ukuhlolwa okuhambisanayo kwe-workpiece ukuze kuqinisekiswe.Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kuzobandakanya ukubukeka, i-radiographic noma i-ultrasonic, izinhlayiya kazibuthe noma ukungena, i-macroscopic metallography kanye nobulukhuni.
1.2 Isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-3
a) Ngezinsimbi ze-S355 nangaphansi, khetha i-macroscopic metallography ukuze ihlolwe.
b) Ngensimbi engaphezu kwe-S355, phinda uhlole.
3. Izinga Likazwelonke - GB 50661
Ngaphandle kwamajoyinti angakhululwa ekuhlolweni, isikhathi sokuqinisekisa iminyaka emi-5 yamaphrojekthi wesakhiwo sensimbi amamaki obunzima bokushisela amamaki A, B no-C. Kumaphrojekthi esakhiwo sensimbi anezinga lobunzima be-welding D, ukuhlolwa kwenqubo yokushisela kuyokwenziwa. ngokusho kwephrojekthi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-06-2022